Solid-state drives (SSDs) use NAND flash memory and an internal controller to manage logical addresses, physical flash locations, wear leveling, and garbage collection.
Traditional magnetic HDDs and SSDs therefore behave differently when files are deleted.
On a compatible SSD, the operating system may issue a TRIM command to notify the device that certain logical blocks are no longer needed.
The SSD controller may subsequently reclaim the associated flash-memory blocks through garbage collection. Depending on the device and its internal operations, deleted data may become unrecoverable even if the user has not deliberately saved a new file over the same logical location.
However, TRIM being issued does not automatically prove that every deleted file has already been physically erased. The outcome depends on the SSD, controller, firmware, operating system, and subsequent activity.
This is why SSD recovery requires a different technical assessment from traditional HDD recovery.
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